解读TMMi测试能力成熟度模型-白红宇

解读TMMi测试能力成熟度模型

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发布时间：2019-05-24

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软件测试中的测试成熟度模型（TMM）是评价软件测试过程成熟度的一个框架。使用测试成熟度模型的目的是识别软件的成熟度，并提供改进软件测试过程的目标，以实现进度。它可以补充任何过程改进模型，也可以作为一个独立的模型。

测试成熟度模型（TMM）是基于能力成熟度模型（CMM）的，最早由伊利诺伊理工学院开发。这是一个测试过程改进的详细模型。

TMMi模型（见下图）着眼于不同成熟度级别的软件测试，首先假设所有组织都从成熟度阶梯的TMMi级别1开始。组织的测试实践越成熟，组织的成熟度就越高。

该模型有一个用于改进测试过程的分阶段体系结构。它包含一个组织在其测试过程从即席的、非托管的发展到管理的、定义的、度量的和处于优化模式的过程中所通过的级别，参见下面的图。实现每一个层次确保了适当的改进奠定了下一阶段的基础。

测试过程改进工作的重点是组织在其业务环境中的需求。通过不同的成熟度级别，可以提高测试和软件质量管理的能力，以适应业务或项目的需求。其中的好处是提高了软件产品质量，减少了缺陷。

对TMM各个Level的解读

TMM的五个级别有助于组织确定其过程的成熟度，并确定下一步的改进步骤，这些步骤对于实现更高级别的测试成熟度至关重要。

The five levels of the TMM helps the organization to determine the maturity of its process and to identify the next improvement steps that are essential to achieving a higher level of test maturity.

TMM Levels TMM级别	Goals 目标	An objective of TMM levels TMM级别的子目标
Level 1: Initial 第1级：初始级	Software should run successfully 软件必须运行成功	At this level, no process areas are identified An objective of testing is to ensure that software is working fine This level lacks resources, tools, and trained staff No Quality Assurancechecks before software delivery
Level 2: Defined 第2级：可定义级	Develop testing and debugging goals and policies 开发测试和调试的目标和策略	This level distinguish testing from debugging & they are considered distinct activities Testing phase comes after coding A primary goal of testing is to show software meets specification Basic testing methods and techniques are in place
Level 3: Integrated 第3级：可集成级	Integration of testing into the software lifecycle 将软件测试集成到软件开发生命周期中	Testing gets integrated into an entire life cycle Based on requirements test objectives are defined Test organization exists Testing recognized as a professional activity
Level 4: Management and Measurement 第4级：可管理和度量级	Establish a test measurement program 建立一个软件测试度量体系	Testing is a measured and quantified process Review at all development phases are recognized as tests For reuse and Regression Testing, test cases are gathered and recorded in a test database Defects are logged and given severity levels
Level 5: Optimized 第5级：可优化级	Test process optimization 软件测试过程可优化	Testing is managed and defined Testing effectiveness and costs can be monitored Testing can be fine-tuned and continuously improved Quality control and Defectprevention are practiced Process reuse is practiced Test related metrics also have tool support Tools provide support for Testcasedesign and defect collection

TMM Levels

TMM级别

Goals

目标

An objective of TMM levels

TMM级别的子目标

Level 1: Initial

第1级：初始级

Software should run successfully

软件必须运行成功

At this level, no process areas are identified

An objective of testing is to ensure that software is working fine

This level lacks resources, tools, and trained staff

No Quality Assurancechecks before software delivery

Level 2: Defined

第2级：可定义级

Develop testing and debugging goals and policies

开发测试和调试的目标和策略

This level distinguish testing from debugging & they are considered distinct activities

Testing phase comes after coding

A primary goal of testing is to show software meets specification

Basic testing methods and techniques are in place

Level 3: Integrated

第3级：可集成级

Integration of testing into the software lifecycle

将软件测试集成到软件开发生命周期中

Testing gets integrated into an entire life cycle

Based on requirements test objectives are defined

Test organization exists

Testing recognized as a professional activity

Level 4: Management and Measurement

第4级：可管理和度量级

Establish a test measurement program

建立一个软件测试度量体系

Testing is a measured and quantified process

Review at all development phases are recognized as tests

For reuse and Regression Testing, test cases are gathered and recorded in a test database

Defects are logged and given severity levels

Level 5: Optimized

第5级：可优化级

Test process optimization

软件测试过程可优化

Testing is managed and defined

Testing effectiveness and costs can be monitored

Testing can be fine-tuned and continuously improved

Quality control and Defectprevention are practiced

Process reuse is practiced

Test related metrics also have tool support

Tools provide support for Testcasedesign and defect collection

CMM和TMM的区别

CMM	TMM
CMM or Capability Maturity Model is for judging the maturity of the software processes of an organization CMM或能力成熟度模型是用来判断一个组织的软件过程的成熟度的	TMM or Test Maturity Model describes the process of testing and is related to monitoring the quality of software testing model TMM或测试成熟度模型描述了测试的过程，与监控软件测试模型的质量有关

CMM

TMM